Common problems in the software development process :
- Poor requirements - if requirements are unclear, incomplete, too general, or not testable, there will be problems.
- Unrealistic schedule - if too much work is crammed in too little time, problems are inevitable.
- Inadequate testing - no one will know whether or not the program is any good until the customer complains or systems crash.
- Futurities - requests to pile on new features after development is underway; extremely common.
- Miscommunication - if developers don't know what's needed or customer’s have erroneous expectations, problems are guaranteed.
Common solutions to software development problems :
- Solid requirements - clear, complete, detailed, cohesive, attainable, testable requirements that are agreed to by all players. Use prototypes to help nail down requirements.
- Realistic schedules - allow adequate time for planning, design, testing, bug fixing, re-testing, changes, and documentation; personnel should be able to complete the project without burning out.
- Adequate testing - start testing early on, re-test after fixes or changes, plan for adequate time for testing and bug-fixing.
- Stick to initial requirements as much as possible - be prepared to defend against changes and additions once development has begun, and be prepared to explain consequences. If changes are necessary, they should be adequately reflected in related schedule changes. If possible, use rapid prototyping during the design phase so that customers can see what to expect. This will provide them a higher comfort level with their requirements decisions and minimize changes later on.
- Communication - require walkthroughs and inspections when appropriate; make extensive use of group communication tools - e-mail, groupware, networked bug-tracking tools and change management tools, intranet capabilities, etc.; insure that documentation is available and up-to-date - preferably electronic, not paper; promote teamwork and cooperation; use protoypes early on so that customers' expectations are clarified.
